Human diseases, particularly infectious diseases and cancers, pose unprecedented
challenges to public health security and the global economy. The development and …

Newcastle disease (ND) has been defined by the World Organisation for Animal Health as
infection of poultry with virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Lesions affecting …

Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the highly pathogenic viral diseases of avian species. ND
is economically significant because of the huge mortality and morbidity associated with it …

Rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines has helped mitigating SARS-CoV-2 spread, but
more equitable allocation of vaccines is necessary to limit the global impact of the COVID-19 …

Viral vaccine vectors have shown to be effective in inducing a robust immune response
against the vaccine antigen. Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, is a …

Global deployment of an effective and safe vaccine is necessary to curtail the coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 …

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes a highly contagious respiratory, reproductive and
urogenital tract disease in chickens worldwide, resulting in substantial economic losses for …

The order Mononegavirales includes five families: Bornaviridae, Filoviridae, Nyamaviridae,
Paramyxoviridae, and Rhabdoviridae. The genome of these viruses is one molecule of …

Migratory lung dendritic cells (DCs) transport viral antigen from the lungs to the draining
mediastinal lymph nodes (MLNs) during influenza virus infection to initiate the adaptive …

It has been 20 years since Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was first used as a vector. The
past two decades have witnessed remarkable progress in vaccine generation based on the …