Over the past two decades, our understanding of phospoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) has
progressed from the identification of an enzymatic activity associated with growth factors …

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) isoforms and PDGF receptors have important
functions in the regulation of growth and survival of certain cell types during embryonal …

Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and their receptors (PDGFRs) have served as
prototypes for growth factor and receptor tyrosine kinase function for more than 25 years …

The discovery that Src homology 2 (SH2) domains provide phosphorylation-dependent and
sequence-specific contacts for assembly of receptor signaling complexes has provided a …

▪ Abstract The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family of enzymes is recruited upon growth
factor receptor activation and produces 3′ phosphoinositide lipids. The lipid products of …

Ras (p21 ras) interacts directly with the catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase
in a GTP-dependent manner through the Ras effector site. In vivo, dominant negative Ras …

A serine/threonine kinase, named protein kinase B (PKB) 1 for its sequence homology to
both protein kinase A and C, has previously been isolated. PKB, which is identical to the …

▪ Abstract The 3-phosphorylated inositol lipids fulfill roles as second messengers by
interacting with the lipid binding domains of a variety of cellular proteins. Such interactions …

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a homodimeric peptide growth factor which
binds to two structurally related tyrosine kinase receptors denoted Flt1 and KDR. In order to …

Communication between cells assumes particular importance in multicellular organisms.
The growth, migration and differentiation of cells in the embryo, and their organization into …