Histamine is a transmitter in the nervous system and a signaling molecule in the gut, the
skin, and the immune system. Histaminergic neurons in mammalian brain are located …

Synaptic plasticity is the capacity of a preexisting connection between two neurons to
change in strength as a function of neural activity. Because synaptic plasticity is the major …

Purinergic neurotransmission, involving release of ATP as an efferent neurotransmitter was
first proposed in 1972. Later, ATP was recognised as a cotransmitter in peripheral nerves …

The purine nucleoside adenosine acts via four distinct adenosine receptor subtypes: the
adenosine A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 receptor. They are all G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) …

Beyond direct synaptic communication, neurons are able to talk to each other without
making synapses. They are able to send chemical messages by means of diffusion to target …

BACKGROUND: There is controversy about the consequences of physical exercise on
human sleeping behaviors. Evidence suggests that voluntary physical exercise affects brain …

Hippocampal cellular and molecular processes critical for memory consolidation are
affected by the amount and quality of sleep attained. Questions remain with regard to how …

Recent research has shown that neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus are crucial for
sleep by inhibiting wake-promoting systems, but the process that triggers their activation at …

Since central activation of A1 adenosine receptors (A1ARs) plays an important role in the
induction of the hypothermic and hypometabolic torpid state in hibernating mammals, we …

Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder
affecting approximately 1% of children. ASD is defined by core symptoms in two domains …