This article provides a comprehensive overview of the pathology of multiple sclerosis (MS),
including recent insights into its molecular neuropathology and immunology. It shows that all …

The myelination of axons by oligodendrocytes is a highly complex cell-to-cell interaction.
Oligodendrocytes and axons have a reciprocal signaling relationship in which …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating, autoimmune disease of the central nervous
system. While work has focused on myelin and axon loss in MS, less is known about …

The speed of impulse transmission is critical for optimal neural circuit function, but it is
unclear how the appropriate conduction velocity is established in individual axons. The …

Ion channel clustering at the axon initial segment (AIS) and nodes of Ranvier has been
suggested to be a key evolutionary innovation that enabled the development of the complex …

Potassium channels (KChs) are the most diverse ion channels, in part due to extensive
combinatorial assembly of a large number of principal and auxiliary subunits into an …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease that is considered by many
people to have an autoimmune aetiology. In recent years, new data emerging from …

Myelin is critical in maintaining electrical impulse conduction in the central nervous system.
The oligodendrocyte is the cell type responsible for myelin production within this …

Axonal injury is considered the major cause of disability in patients with multiple sclerosis
(MS), but the underlying effector mechanisms are poorly understood. Starting with a …

Simple sphingolipids such as ceramide and sphingomyelin (SM) as well as more complex
glycosphingolipids play very important roles in cell function under physiological conditions …