Human walking is usually conceived as the cyclic rotation of the limbs. The goal of lower-
limb movements, however, is the forward translation of the body system, which can be …

In human gait analysis studies, the entire foot is typically modeled as a single rigid-body
segment; however, this neglects power generated/absorbed within the foot. Here we show …

Understanding the distinct functions of human muscles could not only help professionals
obtain insights into the underlying mechanisms that we accommodate compromised …

Adaptive explanations for modern human foot anatomy have long fascinated evolutionary
biologists because of the dramatic differences between our feet and those of our closest …

In this narrative review we evaluate foundational biomechanical theories of human foot
function in light of new data acquired with technology that was not available to early …

Background Wearable assistive devices have demonstrated the potential to improve mobility
outcomes for individuals with disabilities, and to augment healthy human performance; …

State-of-the-art exoskeletons are typically limited by the low control bandwidth and small-
range stiffness of actuators, which are based on high gear ratios and elastic components …

The human ankle produces a large burst of 'push-off'mechanical power late in the stance
phase of walking, reduction of which leads to considerably poorer energy economy. It is …

Muscle–tendon units about the ankle joint generate a burst of positive power during the step-
to-step transition in human walking, termed ankle push-off, but there is no scientific …

To walk efficiently over complex terrain, humans must use vision to tailor their gait to the
upcoming ground surface without interfering with the exploitation of passive mechanical …