Cilia are ubiquitous microtubule-based eukaryotic organelles that project from the cell to
generate motility or function in cellular signaling. Motile cilia or flagella contain axonemal …

Microtubules are cytoskeletal filaments that are dynamically assembled from α/β-tubulin
heterodimers. The primary sequence and structure of the tubulin proteins and, consequently …

Sperm motility is crucial to reproductive success in sexually reproducing organisms.
Impaired sperm movement causes male infertility, which is increasing globally. Sperm are …

Dynein-decorated doublet microtubules (DMTs) are critical components of the oscillatory
molecular machine of cilia, the axoneme, and have luminal surfaces patterned periodically …

Fuelled by ATP hydrolysis, dyneins generate force and movement on microtubules in a
wealth of biological processes, including ciliary beating, cell division and intracellular …

The axoneme of motile cilia is the largest macromolecular machine of eukaryotic cells. In
humans, impaired axoneme function causes a range of ciliopathies. Axoneme assembly …

Cilia are ubiquitous eukaryotic organelles responsible for cellular motility and sensory
functions. The ciliary axoneme is a microtubule-based cytoskeleton consisting of two central …

The axoneme is the main extracellular part of cilia and flagella in eukaryotes. It consists of a
microtubule cytoskeleton, which normally comprises nine doublets. In motile cilia, dynein …

Electron microscopy played a key role in establishing cell biology as a discipline, by
producing fundamental insights into cellular organization and ultrastructure. Many seminal …

Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is a form of motor‐dependent cargo transport that is essential for
the assembly, maintenance, and length control of cilia, which play critical roles in motility …