Grapevine (Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera) is one of the most widespread and economically
important perennial fruit crops in the world. Viticulture has changed over the years in …

3338| Special Issue Editorial plant proteases, their regulation and substrates are inside plant
cells. This review describes 19 proteases that bacterial plant pathogens inject into the host …

The Botryosphaeriaceae family comprises numerous fungal pathogens capable of causing
economically meaningful diseases in a wide range of crops. Many of its members can live as …

Epigenetic regulation has recently gained prominence in the field of plant-pathogen
interactions, providing a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated …

The apoplast is the first hub of plant− pathogen communication where pathogen effectors
are recognized by plant defensive proteins and cell receptors, thus activating signal …

Recombinant gene encoded protease inhibitors have been identified as some of the most
effective antidigestive molecules to guard against proteolysis of essential proteins and plant …

Epigenetics refers to dynamic chemical modifications to the genome that can perpetuate
gene activity without changes in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms play important …

Oomycetes are filamentous organisms that resemble fungi in terms of morphology and life
cycle, primarily due to convergent evolution. The success of pathogenic oomycetes lies in …

Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are an important group of flavonoids that contribute to astringency,
color, and flavor in grapes (Vitis vinifera) and wines. They also play a crucial role in …

Grape downy mildew, caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola, is a major threat to Vitis
vinifera grape production. Several breeding programs rely on resistance factors (Rpv s) from …