Cannabidiol (CBD) is an abundant non‐psychoactive phytocannabinoid in cannabis
extracts which has high affinity on a series of receptors, including Type 1 cannabinoid …

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are diagnosed and classified using the Rome
criteria; the criteria may change over time as new scientific data emerge. The Rome IV was …

Functional bowel disorders are highly prevalent disorders found worldwide. These disorders
have the potential to affect all members of society, regardless of age, sex, race, creed, color …

The act of defaecation, although a ubiquitous human experience, requires the coordinated
actions of the anorectum and colon, pelvic floor musculature, and the enteric, peripheral and …

Background: Opioid use, abuse, and adverse consequences, including death, have
escalated at an alarming rate since the 1990s. In an attempt to control opioid abuse …

Objectives: This review aims to provide a framework for evaluating the utility of virtual reality
(VR) as a distraction intervention to alleviate pain and distress during medical procedures …

Objectives. To estimate health outcomes of policies to mitigate the opioid epidemic.
Methods. We used dynamic compartmental modeling of US adults, in various pain, opioid …

Pain which persists after healing is expected to have taken place, or which exists in the
absence of tissue damage, is termed chronic pain. By definition chronic pain cannot be …

Back pain affects most adults, causes disability for some, and is a common reason for
seeking healthcare. In the United States, opioid prescription for low back pain has …

The purpose of this comprehensive review is to describe various aspects of crisis of opioid
use in the United States. The obstacles that must be surmounted are primarily inappropriate …