This Colloquium reviews statistical models for money, wealth, and income distributions
developed in the econophysics literature since the late 1990s. By analogy with the …

This article is the second part of a review of recent empirical and theoretical developments
usually grouped under the heading Econophysics. In the first part, we reviewed the statistical …

In a closed economic system, money is conserved. Thus, by analogy with energy, the
equilibrium probability distribution of money must follow the exponential Boltzmann-Gibbs …

This book discusses the study and analysis of the physical aspects of social systems and
models, inspired by the analogy with familiar models of physical systems and possible …

The largely dominant meritocratic paradigm of highly competitive Western cultures is rooted
on the belief that success is mainly due, if not exclusively, to personal qualities such as …

This review deals with several microscopic ('agent-based') models of financial markets
which have been studied by economists and physicists over the last decade: Kim …

We have numerically simulated the ideal-gas models of trading markets, where each agent
is identified with a gas molecule and each trading as an elastic or money-conserving two …

The distribution of wealth and income is never uniform, and philosophers and economists
have tried for years to understand the reasons and formulate remedies for such inequalities …

Tools of the theory of critical phenomena, namely the scaling analysis and universality, are
argued to be applicable to large complex web-like network structures. Using a detailed …

In this paper, we consider a simple kinetic model of economy involving both exchanges
between agents and speculative trading. We show that the kinetic model admits non trivial …