The current simulation technology used for neurosurgical training leaves much to be
desired. Significant efforts are thoroughly exhausted in hopes of developing simulations that …

Objective The recent emphasis on simulation-based training in neurosurgery has led to the
development of many simulation models and training courses. We aim to identify the …

Objective: Proficiency in endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery requires both substantial
baseline training and progressive lifelong learning. Endoscopic simulation models continue …

Neurosurgery is one of the most technically demanding medical professions that warrants a
high level of expertise. In the present context of competitive medical practice, high societal …

Several scoring scales for the assessment of microsurgical skills have been established and
validated with the same basic parameters. The study aims to review the existing scales to …

OBJECTIVE The longer learning curve and smaller margin of error make nontraditional, or"
out of operating room" simulation training, essential in neurosurgery. In this study, the …

Background Minimally invasive neurosurgical approaches reduce patient morbidity by
providing the surgeon with better visualization and access to complex lesions, with minimal …

Background A robotic endoscope holder should theoretically provide various advantages in
transnasal endoscopic skull base surgery, but only recently has a robotic system become …

Objective Endoscopic surgical treatment of pituitary tumors, lateral invading tumors, or
aneurysms requires surgeons to operate adjacent to the cavernous sinus. During these …

Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery is a novel surgical technique requiring specific training.
Different models and simulators have been recently suggested for it, but no systematic …