The review provides a comprehensive update (previous report: Chen R, Cros D, Curra A, Di
Lazzaro V, Lefaucheur JP, Magistris MR, et al. The clinical diagnostic utility of transcranial …

Several techniques and protocols of non-invasive transcranial brain stimulation (NIBS),
including transcranial magnetic and electrical stimuli, have been developed in the past …

These guidelines provide an up-date of previous IFCN report on “Non-invasive electrical
and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord and roots: basic principles and procedures …

Stroke has long been regarded as focal disease with circumscribed damage leading to
neurological deficits. However, advances in methods for assessing the human brain and in …

Sex hormone concentrations of eumenorrheic women typically fluctuate across the
menstrual cycle and can affect neural function such that estrogen has neuroexcitatory …

This review presents the neurophysiologic principles and clinical applications of transcranial
magnetic stimulation (TMS) and other related techniques of noninvasive cortical stimulation …

Muscle fatigue is an exercise-induced reduction in maximal voluntary muscle force. It may
arise not only because of peripheral changes at the level of the muscle, but also because …

It has been 30 years since the discovery that repeated electrical stimulation of neural
pathways can lead to long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices. With its relevance to …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive tool for the electrical stimulation
of neural tissue, including cerebral cortex, spinal roots, and cranial and peripheral nerves …

Background In the past decade research has shown that continuous (cTBS) and intermittent
theta burst stimulation (iTBS) alter neuronal excitability levels in the primary motor cortex …