This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

An important development in behavioral neuroscience in the past 25 years has been the
demonstration that the brain is far more flexible in structure and function than was previously …

In recent years, numerous studies have shown that astrocytes play an important role in
neuronal processing of information. One of the most interesting findings is the existence of …

Dystrophic changes in dendrites of cortical neurons are present in several neuro-psychiatric
disorders, including schizophrenia. The mechanisms that account for dendritic changes in …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome involving distinct
pathological processes. Core features of MDD include anhedonia, reduced motivation …

Oxycodone is one a commonly used medication for pain, and is also a widely abused
prescription opioid, like other short-acting MOPr agonists. Neurochemical and structural …

Cancer is a significant public health problem worldwide. While there has been a steady
decrease in the cancer death rate over the last two decades, the number of survivors has …

Behavioral neuroscience spent much of the twentieth century seeking the fundamental rules
of cerebral organization. One underlying assumption of much of that work was that there is …

Today it is well acknowledged that both nature and nurture play important roles in the
genesis of psychopathologies, including drug addiction. Increasing evidence suggests that …

Long-term opioid treatment results in reduced therapeutic efficacy and in turn leads to an
increase in the dose required to produce equivalent pain relief and alleviate break-through …