In humans, the combination of all sex-specific genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal influences
of biologic sex produces different in vivo environments for male and female cells. We dissect …

Abstract Professor Henry Higgins in My Fair Lady said,'Why can'ta woman be more like a
man?'Perhaps unintended, such narration extends to the reality of current drug …

A sex-and gender-informed perspective increases rigor, promotes discovery, and expands
the relevance of biomedical research. In the current era of accountability to present data for …

Sex differences between males and females can be detected early in life. They are present
also later even to a much greater extent affecting our life in adulthood and a wide spectrum …

Background Guideline-recommended doses of angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE)
inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs), and β blockers are similar for men and …

Background This paper chronicles attempts in the United States over the past 20 years to
fully represent women in clinical trials and ensure the study of sex and gender in biomedical …

Importance Analyses of female representation in clinical studies have been limited in scope
and scale. Objective To perform a large-scale analysis of global enrollment sex bias in …

There are significant differences between men and women in the efficacy and tolerability of
antipsychotic drugs. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of what is currently known …

Background The global rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission during the COVID-19
pandemic varies within countries and is among the main challenges for health care systems …

The inclusion of sex as a biological variable in research is absolutely essential for improving
our understanding of disease mechanisms contributing to risk and resilience. Studies …