A major reduction in global deforestation is needed to mitigate climate change and
biodiversity loss. Recent private sector commitments aim to eliminate deforestation from a …

Abstract Sustainable Development Goal 2 aims to end hunger, achieve food and nutrition
security and promote sustainable agriculture by 2030. This requires that small-scale …

Certification systems (CS) set and monitor voluntary standards to make agricultural
production sustainable in socio-economic terms and agricultural trade fairer for producers …

Background Agroforestry, the intentional integration of trees or other woody perennials with
crops or livestock in production systems, is being widely promoted as a conservation and …

The globalization of food systems has created new challenges for sustainability governance.
Voluntary certification schemes, or eco-labels, have emerged as the primary mechanism to …

Background More than half of the global population is not effectively covered by any type of
social protection benefit and women's coverage lags behind. Most girls and boys living in …

Organic agriculture (OA) is often regarded as a sustainable agricultural pathway for
smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa, and an increasing number of initiatives …

To tackle the multiple challenges facing the cocoa sector, voluntary sustainability standards
and corporate initiatives, largely focusing on farm and farmer group scale, are often …

Many sources indicate that smallholder tree-crop commodity farmers are poor, but there is a
paucity of data on how many of them are poor and the depth of poverty. The living income …

Companies' sustainable sourcing practices play an increasing role in addressing the social
and environmental challenges in agricultural supply chains. Yet the approaches companies …