The innate immune system is the only defence weapon of invertebrates and a fundamental
defence mechanism of fish. The innate system also plays an instructive role in the acquired …

Receptors that recognize conserved pathogen molecules are the first line of cellular innate
immunity defense. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the best understood of the innate immune …

Immunostimulant effects of the dietary Spirulina (Spirulina plantensis) were studied in carp,
Cyprinus carpio. For this purpose, fish were fed with Spirulina and the parameters of non …

The primary function of DNA vaccines, a bacterial plasmid DNA containing a construct for a
given protective antigen, is to establish specific and long-lasting protective immunity against …

Induction of innate immune pathways is critical for early host defense, but there is limited
understanding of how teleost fishes recognize pathogen molecules and activate these …

Immuno-stimulant effects of the dietary Spirulina (Spirulina Platensis) were studied in tilapia,
Oreochromis niloticus. For this purpose, fish were fed with Spirulina and the parameters of …

The in vitro effects of β-glucan, mannan oligosaccharides (MOS), CpG oligodeoxynucleotide
(CpG ODN), lactoferrin and vitamin C on the non-specific immune response of sea …

In recent years, the fish and shellfish consumption has increased but the total world
production decreased. The main cause of the decreased fish production is the occurrence of …

Fish cell lines have become a useful tool to study in resource conservation, genetic
breeding, diseases control, and environmental pollutants detection. The silver pomfret …

This study aimed to examine the effects of Chlorella vulgaris (CV) on the hematological and
immune parameters of Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio). An experiment was designed with five …