The first major scientific discovery of the Space Age was that the Earth is enshrouded in
toroids, or belts, of very high-energy magnetically trapped charged particles. Early …

The dynamics of relativistic electrons in the inner magnetosphere around the time of
geomagnetic disturbances have received considerable attention in recent years. In addition …

Abstract The Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms
(THEMIS) mission is the fifth NASA Medium-class Explorer (MIDEX), launched on February …

Abstract The Van Allen radiation belts were first discovered in 1958 by the Explorer series of
spacecraft. The dynamic outer belt consists primarily of relativistic electrons trapped by the …

Resonant diffusion curves for electron cyclotron resonance with field‐aligned
electromagnetic R mode and L mode electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are …

During magnetic storms, relativistic electrons execute nearly circular orbits about the Earth
and traverse a spatially confined zone within the duskside plasmapause where …

Outer zone radiation belt electrons can undergo gyroresonant interaction with various
magnetospheric wave modes including whistler‐mode chorus outside the plasmasphere …

The possibility of electron stochastic energization to relativisitic energies (≥ 1 MeV) via
resonant wave‐particle interactions during a magnetic storm is explored. The minimum …

We present a brief review of radiation belt electron losses which are vitally important for
controlling the dynamics of the radiation belts. A historical overview of early observations is …

The response of outer radiation belt relativistic electrons to the October 9, 1990, magnetic
storm is analyzed in detail using a radial diffusion model and data from the Combined …