Oxidative stress is the result of the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS)
formation and enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. Biomarkers of oxidative stress are …

The term varicose vein refers to the twisted and swollen vein visible under the skin surface
which occurs most commonly in the leg. Epidemiological studies report a varying …

Oxidative stress (OxS) is one of the main processes related to aging and a common
denominator of many different chronic/degenerative diseases (eg, cardiovascular and …

One of the early symptoms of chronic venous disease (CVD) is varicose veins (VV) of the
lower limbs. There are many etiological environmental factors influencing the development …

The bark of Aesculus hippocastanum is an herbal remedy used in conditions connected with
vascular insufficiency; however, there is a lack of data concerning its mechanisms of action …

Oxidative stress has a pivotal and widely described role in the onset and progression of
atherosclerotic plaque and cardiovascular disease. Many oxidative stress-related …

Intrauterine growth retardation predisposes to hypertension development, known as fetal
programming. Females are less susceptible, which has been mainly attributed to estrogen …

Objective: Albuminuria has been recently described in hypertensive patients under chronic
renin-angiotensin system (RAS) suppression. We investigated whether this fact could be …

Introduction Oxidative stress is present in pregnancy complications. However, it is unknown
if early maternal antioxidant status could influence later development of complications. The …

Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) flower is a traditional medicine applied to
alleviate symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). However, its flavonoid-based …