Abstract Haem oxygenase 1 (HO-1), an inducible enzyme responsible for the breakdown of
haem, is primarily considered an antioxidant, and has long been overlooked by …

Cigarette smoke is a representative source of toxic chemical exposures to humans, and the
adverse consequences of cigarette smoking are mediated by its effect on both neuronal and …

Abnormal activation of the gut mucosal immune system and a highly dysregulated gut
microbiota play essential roles in the progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The …

Scope Exosomes, small vesicles participating in intercellular communication, have been
extensively studied recently; however, the role of edible plant derived exosomes in …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are deadly weapons used by phagocytes and other cell
types, such as lung epithelial cells, against pathogens. ROS can kill pathogens directly by …

The heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) enzyme system remains an attractive therapeutic target for
the treatment of inflammatory conditions. HO-1, a cellular stress protein, serves a vital …

Abstract Heme oxygenase (HO)-1, the inducible isoform of the heme-degrading enzyme HO,
plays a critical role in inflammation and iron homeostasis. Regulatory functions of HO-1 are …

Abstract Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting enzymatic step of
heme degradation and produces carbon monoxide, free iron, and biliverdin. HO-1, a stress …

The intestinal microbiota is a crucial regulator of human health and disease because of its
interactions with the immune system. Tobacco smoke also influences the human ecosystem …

Ferroptosis is a distinctive form of iron-dependent necrotic cell death, characterized by
excessive lipid peroxidation on cellular membranes and compromised cellular antioxidant …