Present global warming is amplified in the Arctic and accompanied by unprecedented sea
ice decline. Located along the main pathway of Atlantic Water entering the Arctic, the …

The northeastern part of the North Atlantic is unique in the sense that it is much warmer in
the surface than other ocean areas at similar latitudes. The main reason for this is the large …

This report was commissioned by the Norwegian Environment Agency in order to provide
basic information for use in climate change adaptation in Svalbard. It includes descriptions …

This book presents an in-depth discussion of the biological and ecological geography of the
oceans. It synthesizes locally restricted studies of the ocean to generate a global geography …

During the past decade, record-high salinities have been observed in the Atlantic Inflow to
the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean, which feeds the North Atlantic thermohaline …

The oceans are a global reservoir and redistribution agent for several important constituents
of the Earth's climate system, among them heat, fresh water and carbon dioxide. Whereas …

The North Atlantic Oscillation is the dominant mode of atmospheric variability in the North
Atlantic Sector. Basin scale changes in the atmospheric forcing significantly affect the …

The overflow and descent of cold, dense water from the sills of the Denmark Strait and the
Faroe–Shetland channel into the North Atlantic Ocean is the principal means of ventilating …

Declining salinities signify that large amounts of fresh water have been added to the
northern North Atlantic Ocean since the mid-1960s. We estimate that the Nordic Seas and …

The extent of ice in the Nordic Seas measured in April has decreased by∼ 33% over the
past 135 yr. Retrospective comparison indicates that the recent decrease in the ice extent is …