Heart failure exhibits remarkable pathophysiologic heterogeneity. A large body of evidence
suggests that regardless of the underlying etiology, heart failure is associated with induction …

Elevated levels of circulating pro‐inflammatory biomarkers in patients with both ischaemic
and non‐ischaemic heart failure (HF) correlate with disease severity and prognosis …

Background: Inflammation is a key component of cardiac disease, with macrophages and T
lymphocytes mediating essential roles in the progression to heart failure. Nonetheless, little …

ST2 is an IL-1 receptor family member with transmembrane (ST2L) and soluble (sST2)
isoforms. sST2 is a mechanically induced cardiomyocyte protein, and serum sST2 levels …

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a living network of proteins that maintains the structural
integrity of the myocardium and allows the transmission of electrical and mechanical forces …

Background—Experimental studies support a key role for cytokines in left ventricular
remodeling. In congestive heart failure (CHF) patients, elevated plasma cytokine levels are …

We tested the hypothesis that the inflammatory cytokines can regulate fibroblast extracellular
matrix metabolism. Neonatal and adult rat cardiac fibroblasts cultures in vitro were exposed …

Abstract Interleukin (IL)-1 consists of two distinct ligands, IL-1α and IL-1β, with
indistinguishable biological activities that signal through the IL-1 type I receptor (IL-1RI). A …

With cardiovascular disease (CVD) being a primary source of global morbidity and mortality,
it is crucial that we understand the molecular pathophysiological mechanisms at play …

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of mortality. Inflammation is implicated in HF, yet clinical
trials targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines in HF were unsuccessful, possibly due to …