The adenosine modulation system mostly operates through inhibitory A1 (A1R) and
facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR) in the brain. The activity‐dependent release of adenosine …

Microglial cells are the resident macrophages in the central nervous system. These cells of
mesodermal/mesenchymal origin migrate into all regions of the central nervous system …

The emerging roles of microglia are currently being investigated in the healthy and diseased
brain with a growing interest in their diverse functions. In recent years, it has been …

Microglia are the intrinsic immune cells of the brain and express chemokine and cytokine
receptors that interact with the peripheral immune cells. Recent studies have indicated that …

A. Cellular and Subcellular Localization B. Pharmacological Tools to Study Adenosine
Receptors C. Signaling Via Adenosine Receptors D. Regulation of Receptor Expression and …

Adenosine is a neuromodulator that operates via the most abundant inhibitory adenosine A
1 receptors (A 1 Rs) and the less abundant, but widespread, facilitatory A 2A Rs. It is …

Despite major advances in a variety of neuroscientific research fields, the majority of
neurodegenerative and neurological diseases are poorly controlled by currently available …

The adenosine A 2A receptor has emerged as an attractive non-dopaminergic target in the
pursuit of improved therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD), based in part on its unique CNS …

Cell motility drives many biological processes, including immune responses and embryonic
development. In the brain, microglia are immune cells that survey and scavenge brain tissue …

Microglial cells are believed to play an active role in brain inflammatory, immune and
degenerative processes. Depending on the magnitude of microglial reaction, on the type of …