In concert with neuropeptides and transmitters, the end products of the hypothalamus-
pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the glucocorticoid hormones cortisol and corticosterone …

The survival and well-being of all species requires appropriate physiological responses to
environmental and homeostatic challenges. The re-establishment and maintenance of …

An adverse foetal environment is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular,
metabolic, neuroendocrine and psychological disorders in adulthood. Exposure to stress …

The primary adrenal cortical steroid hormones, aldosterone, and the glucocorticoids cortisol
and corticosterone, act through the structurally similar mineralocorticoid (MR) and …

C affect brain functioning through both delayed, genomic and rapid, non-genomic
mechanisms. The latter mode of action was long known but only in recent years the …

Gut microbiota play a vital role in maintaining the health of the host. Many factors affect gut
microbiota; application of broad range antibiotics disturb microbiota, while probiotic …

Corticosteroid hormones, released during stressful encounters, have profound and far-
reaching effects on cognition. They are often thought to accomplish these effects primarily …

The hyperphagia, low sympathetic nervous system tone, and decreased circulating
concentrations of bioactive thyroid hormones that are common to states of congenital leptin …

Inappropriate excess of the steroid hormone aldosterone, which is a mineralocorticoid
receptor (MR) agonist, is associated with increased inflammation and risk of cardiovascular …

Corticosteroids–secreted after stress–have profound effects on brain and behavior. These
effects are mediated by mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors, which are …