The NIH has recently highlighted the importance of sexual dimorphisms and has mandated
inclusion of both sexes in clinical trials and basic research. In this review we highlight new …

Exercise facilitates weight control, partly through effects on appetite regulation. Single bouts
of exercise induce a short-term energy deficit without stimulating compensatory effects on …

Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis function fundamentally affects the physiology of
eating. We review sex differences in the physiological and pathophysiological controls of …

OBJECTIVE: To examine reproducibility and validity of visual analogue scales (VAS) for
measurement of appetite sensations, with and without a diet standardization prior to the test …

Obesity is a metabolic state generated by the expansion of adipose tissue. Adipose tissue
expansion depends on the interplay between hyperplasia and hypertrophy, and is mainly …

Several sex differences in eating, their control by gonadal steroid hormones and their
peripheral and central mediating mechanisms are reviewed. Adult female rats and mice as …

Summary 1 Introduction 2 Physiological mechanisms of satiation and satiety 2.1
Physiological mechanisms of satiation 2.1. 1 Gastric mechanisms of satiation 2.1. 2 Intestinal …

Background: It has been suggested that the satiating power of the 4 macronutrients follows
the oxidation hierarchy: alcohol> protein> carbohydrate> fat. However, the experimental …

Although certain commonalities exist between eating and drug use (mood effects, external
cue-control of appetites, reinforcement, etc.), it is argued that the vast majority of cases of …

The biological regulation of appetite is currently an important topic in nutrition, since
hyperphagia has been implicated as the prime cause of obesity. Cyclical fluctuations in food …