The widespread use of antibiotics in the past 80 years has saved millions of human lives,
facilitated technological progress and killed incalculable numbers of microbes, both …

Background & aims Malnutrition has been recognized as a major risk factor for adverse
postoperative outcomes. The ESPEN Symposium on perioperative nutrition was held in …

This guideline presents an update to the 2013 American College of Gastroenterology
Guideline on the Diagnosis and Management of Celiac Disease with updated …

Background Antibiotics alter the microbial balance commonly resulting in antibiotic‐
associated diarrhea (AAD). Probiotics may prevent AAD via providing gut barrier, restoration …

Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms, which when administered in adequate
amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Health benefits have mainly been …

Background Antibiotics can disturb gastrointestinal microbiota which may lead to reduced
resistance to pathogens such as Clostridium difficile (C. difficile). Probiotics are live …

The pool of microbes inhabiting our body is known as “microbiota” and their collective
genomes as “microbiome”. The colon is the most densely populated organ in the human …

Context Probiotics are live microorganisms intended to confer a health benefit when
consumed. One condition for which probiotics have been advocated is the diarrhea that is a …

Probiotics are live microbes that confer health benefits to the host. Preliminary animal
evidence supports the potential role of probiotics in ameliorating cognitive health, however …

The human intestine is colonised by 1013 to 1014 micro-organisms, the vast majority of
which belong to the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Although highly stable over time …