The discovery and clinical implementation of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting
CTLA4, PD-1 and PD-L1 has revolutionized the treatment of cancer, as recognized by the …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized medical oncology, although currently only
a subset of patients has a response to such treatment. A compelling body of evidence …

Barrier tissue dysfunction is a fundamental feature of chronic human inflammatory diseases
1. Specialized subsets of epithelial cells—including secretory and ciliated cells …

Neuroimmunology, albeit a relatively established discipline, has recently sparked numerous
exciting findings on microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system …

Central memory T (TCM) cells patrol lymph nodes and perform conventional memory
responses on restimulation: proliferation, migration and differentiation into diverse T cell …

Resident memory T (Trm) cells stably occupy tissues and cannot be sampled in superficial
venous blood. Trm cells are heterogeneous but collectively constitute the most abundant …

Infections induce pathogen-specific T cell differentiation into diverse effectors (Teff) that give
rise to memory (Tmem) subsets. The cell-fate decisions and lineage relationships that …

Infection is restrained by the concerted activation of tissue-resident and circulating immune
cells. Whether tissue-resident lymphocytes confer early antiviral immunity at local sites of …

The emergence of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)/programmed death-1 (PD-1)–
targeted therapy has demonstrated the importance of the PD-L1: PD-1 interaction in …

Individuals at high risk of developing seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can be identified
for translational research and disease prevention studies through the presence of highly …