Over the past years, numerous methods have emerged to automate the quantification of
animal behavior at a resolution not previously imaginable. This has opened up a new field of …

Memory reactivations and replay, widely reported in the hippocampus and cortex across
species, have been implicated in memory consolidation, planning, and spatial and skill …

Significant evidence supports the view that dopamine shapes learning by encoding reward
prediction errors. However, it is unknown whether striatal targets receive tailored dopamine …

Neurophysiology has long progressed through exploratory experiments and chance
discoveries. Anecdotes abound of researchers listening to spikes in real time and noticing …

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a sleep state characterized by skeletal muscle
paralysis and cerebral cortical activation. Yet, global cortical dynamics and their role in …

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) has become a widely used tool for the analysis of
high-dimensional data as it automatically extracts sparse and meaningful features from a set …

Inference of action potentials ('spikes') from neuronal calcium signals is complicated by the
scarcity of simultaneous measurements of action potentials and calcium signals ('ground …

Recent work has suggested that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a key role in context-
dependent perceptual decision-making. In this study, we addressed that role using a new …

Dietary fibers are generally thought to benefit intestinal health. Their impacts on the
composition and metabolic function of the gut microbiome, however, vary greatly across …

Identifying the underlying structure of a data set and extracting meaningful information is a
key problem in data analysis. Simple and powerful methods to achieve this goal are linear …