Translation of cellular mRNAs via initiation at Internal Ribosome Entry Sites (IRESs) has
received increased attention during recent years due to its emerging significance for many …

Transporters of the SLC38 family are found in all cell types of the body. They mediate Na+-
dependent net uptake and efflux of small neutral amino acids. As a result they are …

Homeostasis is one of the fundamental concepts in physiology. Despite remarkable
progress in our molecular understanding of amino acid transport, metabolism and signaling …

Circadian clocks are fundamental physiological regulators of energy homeostasis, but direct
transcriptional targets of the muscle clock machinery are unknown. To understand how the …

Amino acid homeostasis is maintained by import, export, oxidation, and synthesis of
nonessential amino acids, and by the synthesis and breakdown of protein. These processes …

About 25% of all solute carriers (SLCs) are likely to transport amino acids as their primary
substrate. One of the major phylogenetic clusters of amino acid transporters from the SLC …

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced responses are associated with the loss of insulin-
producing β-cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus. β-Cell survival during ER stress is believed to …

Background The rapidly increasing number of engineered nanoparticles (NPs), and
products containing NPs, raises concerns for human exposure and safety. With this …

Amino acids are essential for cellular protein synthesis, growth, metabolism, signaling and in
stress responses. Cell plasma membranes harbor specialized transporters accumulating …

Hyperosmolarity of the renal medulla is essential for urine concentration and water
homeostasis. However, how renal medullary collecting duct (MCD) cells survive and …