Although of limited metabolic diversity, methanogenic archaea or methanogens possess
great phylogenetic and ecological diversity. Only three types of methanogenic pathways are …

The tree of life is split into three main branches: eukaryotes, bacteria, and archaea. Our
knowledge of eukaryotic and bacteria cell biology has been built on a foundation of studies …

The genetic code, initially thought to be universal and immutable, is now known to contain
many variations, including biased codon usage, codon reassignment, ambiguous decoding …

Asgardarchaeota have been proposed as the closest living relatives to eukaryotes, and a
total of 72 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) representing six primary lineages in …

Pyrrolysine, the twenty-second amino acid found to be encoded in the natural genetic
code,,,, is necessary for all of the known pathways by which methane is formed from …

Methanogenic archaea are a group of strictly anaerobic microorganisms characterized by
their strict dependence on the process of methanogenesis for energy conservation. Among …

Pyrrolysine is an amino acid encoded by the amber codon in genes required for
methylamine utilization by members of the Methanosarcinaceae. Pyrrolysine and …

A modified base at the first (wobble) position of some tRNA anticodons is critical for
deciphering the genetic code. In eukaryotes and eubacteria, AUA codons are decoded by …

In Methanosarcina spp., amber codons in methylamine methyltransferase genes are
translated as the 22nd amino acid, pyrrolysine. The responsible pyl genes plus amber …

Over the past 16 years, genetic code expansion and reprogramming in living organisms has
been transformed by advances that leverage the unique properties of pyrrolysyl-tRNA …