Abstract Since the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) consensus mechanism can
avoid the performance bottleneck of blockchain systems caused by Proof of Work (PoW), it …

World Wide Web is speeding up its pace into an intelligent and decentralized ecosystem, as
seen in the campaign of Web 3.0 and forthcoming Web 4.0. Marked by the Europe …

In cybersecurity, personal data breaches have become one of the significant issues. This
fact indicates that data breaches require unique detection systems, techniques, and …

The distributed consensus intends to improve the reliability of critical decision making in
wireless connected autonomous systems. The performance of distributed consensus heavily …

Blockchain sharding technology randomly divides all nodes in the blockchain system into
multiple shardings. This design aims to solve the scalable problem when there are too many …

Since the introduction of the first cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, in 2008, the gain in popularity of
distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) has led to an increasing demand and, consequently …

Blockchain has shown significant potential as a key enabler in privacy and security in the
forthcoming 6G wireless network, due to its distributed and decentralized characteristics …

Direct acyclic graph (DAG) based ledgers with multi-chain structures aim to solve the
technical bottlenecks associated with classical blockchain technologies in the Internet of …

Sharding presents an enticing path toward improving blockchain scalability. However, the
consensus mechanism within individual shards faces mounting security challenges due to …

Distributed ledger technology such as blockchain is considered essential for supporting
large numbers of micro-transactions in the Machine Economy, which is envisioned to involve …