Based on the analysis of 190 studies (18,573 participants), we estimate that the average
silent reading rate for adults in English is 238 words per minute (wpm) for non-fiction and …

Our subjective visual experiences involve complex interaction between our eyes, our brain,
and the surrounding world. It gives us the sense of sight, color, stereopsis, distance, pattern …

Surprisal theory posits that less-predictable words should take more time to process, with
word predictability quantified as surprisal, ie, negative log probability in context. While …

Eye Tracking in Second Language Acquisition and Bilingualism provides foundational
knowledge and hands-on advice for designing, conducting, and analysing eye-tracking …

Reading of alphabetic writing systems, such as English, has been extensively studied and
most theories and models of reading are based on findings from these studies. This practice …

Decades of reading research have led to sophisticated accounts of single-word recognition
and, in parallel, accounts of eye-movement control in text reading. Although these two …

Eye movements are now widely used to investigate cognitive processes during reading,
scene perception, and visual search. In this article, research on the following topics is …

Keystroke logging has become instrumental in identifying writing strategies and
understanding cognitive processes. Recent technological advances have refined logging …

The prospect of speed reading—reading at an increased speed without any loss of
comprehension—has undeniable appeal. Speed reading has been an intriguing concept for …

Beginning to Read reconciles the debate that has divided theorists for decades over what is
the" right" way to help children learn to read. Beginning to Read reconciles the debate that …