Understanding the cross-scale linkages between drought and food security is vital to
developing tools to reduce drought impacts and support decision making. This study reviews …

Cities are hotspots of commodity consumption, with implications for both local and systemic
water resources. Water flows “virtually” into and out of cities through the extensive cross …

The increasing global demand for farmland products is placing unprecedented pressure on
the global agricultural system and its water resources. Many regions of the world, that are …

Previous studies had shown that the virtual water flows had intensified local water scarcity of
China. There is an urgent need to identify the drivers of virtual water flows and provide the …

Water resource management involves public investments with long-ranging impacts that
traditional prediction approaches cannot address. These are increasingly being critiqued …

Food consumption and production are separated in space through flows of food along
complex supply chains. These food supply chains are critical to our food security, making it …

Water is consumed in the generation of electricity and then transmitted, virtually, across the
electric grid, creating a network of water transfers. Virtual water transfers of electricity are an …

Trade of commodities can lead to virtual water flows between trading partners. When
commodities flow from regions of high water productivity to regions of low water productivity …

Income and population growth increase demands for commodities such as food, energy,
and water in cities. Water resources are used outside of cities to produce the food and …

We present a network model of interstate food trade and report comprehensive estimates of
embodied irrigation energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in virtual water trade for …