This paper documents the biogeochemistry configuration of the Energy Exascale Earth
System Model (E3SM), E3SMv1. 1‐BGC. The model simulates historical carbon cycle …

In theory, the same sea-ice models could be used for both research and operations, but in
practice, differences in scientific and software requirements and computational and human …

This article presents the C-grid implementation of the CICE sea ice model, including the C-
grid discretization of the momentum equation, the boundary conditions (BCs), and the …

We have derived an analytic form of the thickness redistribution function, Ψ, and
compressive strength of sea ice using variational principles. By using the technique of …

Ensemble Kalman filters are an efficient class of algorithms for large-scale ensemble data
assimilation, but their performance is limited by their underlying Gaussian approximation. A …

We developed a new version of the Alfred Wegener Institute Climate Model (AWI-CM3),
which has higher skills in representing the observed climatology and better computational …

Landfast ice is a common coastal feature in the Arctic Ocean and around the Antarctic
continent. One contributing and stabilizing mechanism is the grounding of sea ice ridges in …

As the demand for increased resolution and complexity in unstructured sea ice models is
growing, higher demands are also placed on the sea ice transport scheme. In this study, we …

Ocean surface waves play an important role in maintaining the marginal ice zone, a
heterogenous region occupied by sea ice floes with variable horizontal sizes. The location …

Melt ponds play a crucial role in the melting of Arctic sea ice. Studying the evolution of melt
ponds is essential for understanding changes in Arctic sea ice. In this study, we used a …