The immune system protects from infections primarily by detecting and eliminating the
invading pathogens; however, the host organism can also protect itself from infectious …

Carbon monoxide (CO) is attracting increasing attention because of its role as a
gasotransmitter with cytoprotective and homeostatic properties. Carbon monoxide releasing …

Iron is a transition metal that due to its inherent ability to exchange electrons with a variety of
molecules is essential to support life. In mammals, iron exists mostly in the form of heme …

The immune system probably evolved to limit the negative effects exerted by pathogens on
host homeostasis. This defence strategy relies on the concerted action of innate and …

The coordinating role of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in cellular function
is undeniable. Evidence indicates that this transcription factor exerts massive regulatory …

Development of organ dysfunction is the most important clinical event during sepsis, as it
directly relates to mortality and morbidity. Although the new definition of sepsis captures this …

Abstract Significance: The hemoglobin (Hb) scavenger receptor, CD163, is a macrophage-
specific protein and the upregulated expression of this receptor is one of the major changes …

Heme (iron-protoporphyrin IX) is an essential co-factor involved in multiple biological
processes: oxygen transport and storage, electron transfer, drug and steroid metabolism …

Heme oxygenases (HO) catabolize free heme, that is, iron (Fe) protoporphyrin (IX), into
equimolar amounts of Fe2+, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin. The stress-responsive …

Carbon monoxide (CO) is increasingly recognized as a cell-signalling molecule akin to nitric
oxide (NO). CO has attracted particular attention as a potential therapeutic agent because of …