This review summarizes our current understanding of the major pathway for the initiation
phase of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells, with a focus on recent advances. We describe …

In eukaryotes, the translation initiation codon is generally identified by the scanning
mechanism, wherein every triplet in the messenger RNA leader is inspected for …

Translation regulation largely occurs during initiation, which features ribosome assembly
onto mRNAs and selection of the translation start site. Short, upstream ORFs (uORFs) …

Termination of mRNA translation occurs when a stop codon enters the A site of the
ribosome, and in eukaryotes is mediated by release factors eRF1 and eRF3, which form a …

A key step in translational initiation is the recruitment of the 43 S preinitiation complex by the
cap-binding complex [eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F)] at the 5′ end of messenger …

Translation initiation in eukaryotes is a highly regulated and complex stage of gene
expression. It requires the action of at least 12 initiation factors, many of which are known to …

The human mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) and associated proteins regulate the
synthesis of 13 essential subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes. We report the …

Translation initiation in eukaryotes is a complex and highly regulated process requiring the
action of at least 12 protein factors. The pathway is distinguished by the formation of a pre …

The correct translation of mRNA depends critically on the ability to initiate at the right AUG
codon. For most mRNAs in eukaryotic cells, this is accomplished by the scanning …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease
characterized by preferential motor neuron death. Approximately 15% of ALS cases are …