Nine different antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are currently approved as cancer
treatments, with dozens more in preclinical and clinical development. The primary goal of …

In this review, we highlight the role of intratumoral heterogeneity, focusing on the clinical and
biological ramifications this phenomenon poses. Intratumoral heterogeneity arises through …

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein overexpression and/or HER2
gene amplification is found in about 20% of invasive breast cancers. It is a sole predictive …

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and differs greatly among different patients
(intertumor heterogeneity) and even within each individual tumor (intratumor heterogeneity) …

Breast tumors generally consist of a diverse population of cells with varying gene expression
profiles. Breast tumor heterogeneity is a major factor contributing to drug resistance …

The primary purpose of ADCs is to increase the efficacy of anticancer medications by
minimizing systemic drug distribution and targeting specific cells. Antibody conjugates …

The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a well-known negative prognostic
factor in breast cancer and a target of the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab as well as of …

The sequencing of cancer genomes may enable tailoring of therapeutics to the underlying
biological abnormalities driving a particular patient's tumor. However, sequencing-based …

Background Half of breast cancers exhibit low expression levels of human epidermal growth
factor receptor 2 (HER2) and can be targeted by new antibody-drug conjugates. The …

Background Only human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 2 status determined by
immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has been …