Leptospirosis is a perplexing conundrum for many. In the existing literature, the
pathophysiological mechanisms pertaining to leptospirosis is still not understood in full …

Leptospirosis is an important zoonotic disease, causing about 60,000 deaths annually. In
this review, we have described in detail the immunopathogenesis of leptospirosis, the …

Gallic acid (GA), as an active component, has been found in many fruits and plants, and it
exhibits potential protective effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral and …

Background Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) increases the rates of acute kidney
failure, delayed graft function, and early mortality after kidney transplantation. The …

Background. Leptospirosis is a global zoonotic disease. Transmission of Leptospira from
animals to humans occurs through contact with water contaminated with leptospire …

Background The role of the immune response in influencing leptospirosis clinical outcomes
is not yet well understood. We hypothesized that acute-phase serum cytokine responses …

Endotoxins, also known as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), are essential components of cell
walls of diderm bacteria such as Escherichia coli. LPS are microbe-associated molecular …

Pathogenic Leptospira species are the causative agents of leptospirosis, a world-spreading
zoonotic infectious disease. The pathogens possess a powerful invasiveness by invading …

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic and waterborne disease worldwide. It is a neglected infectious
disease caused by Leptospira spp., as well as a reemerging disease and global public …

Pathogenic Leptospira has the capacity to infect a broad range of mammalian hosts.
Leptospirosis may appear as an acute, potentially fatal infection in accidental hosts, or …