BACKGROUND Mammalian germ cells differentiate into oocytes in females and
spermatozoa in males. An oocyte and a spermatozoon fuse to form a zygote and then …

The peri-implantation window of mammalian development is the crucial window for
primordial germ cell (PGC) specification. Whereas pre-implantation dynamics are relatively …

Mammalian male germ-cell development consists of three distinct phases: primordial germ
cell (PGC) development, male germ-cell specification for spermatogonium development …

An in vitro model of human ovarian follicles would greatly benefit the study of female
reproduction. Ovarian development requires the combination of germ cells and several …

The in vitro generation of germ cells from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can have a
substantial effect on future reproductive medicine and animal breeding. A decade ago, in …

Human primordial germ cells (hPGCs), the precursors of sperm and eggs, are specified
during weeks 2− 3 after fertilization. Few studies on ex vivo and in vitro cultured human …

Medical treatments for cancers or other conditions can lead to permanent infertility. Infertility
is an insidious disease that impacts not only the ability to have a biological child but also the …

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is produced by the pituitary gland in a coordinated
hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis event, plays important roles in reproduction and …

The germline cells are essential for the propagation of human beings, thus essential for the
survival of mankind. The germline stem cells, as a unique cell type, generate various states …

Background The differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into
oocytes, which involves the transformation from mitosis to meiosis, has been a hotspot of …