The present review paper focuses on the chemistry of oxidative stress mitigation by
antioxidants. Oxidative stress is understood as a lack of balance between the pro-oxidant …

At high concentrations, free radicals and radical-derived, nonradical reactive species are
hazardous for living organisms and damage all major cellular constituents. At moderate …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known mediators of intracellular signaling cascades.
Excessive production of ROS may, however, lead to oxidative stress, loss of cell function …

Thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase and NADPH, the thioredoxin system, is ubiquitous from
Archea to man. Thioredoxins, with a dithiol/disulfide active site (CGPC) are the major cellular …

α-Lipoic acid, which plays an essential role in mitochondrial dehydrogenase reactions, has
recently gained considerable attention as an antioxidant. Lipoate, or its reduced form …

Convincing concepts of redox control of gene transcription have been worked out for
prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes, whereas the knowledge on complex mammalian systems …

Cell survival requires multiple factors, including appropriate proportions of molecular oxygen
and various antioxidants. Although most oxidative insults can be overcome by the cell's …

Reactive oxygen species are produced by all aerobic cells and are widely believed to play a
pivotal role in aging as well as a number of degenerative diseases. The consequences of …

Skin cells are constantly exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress
from exogenous and endogenous sources. UV radiation is the most important environmental …

▪ Abstract Reactive oxygen intermediates are produced in all aerobic organisms during
respiration and exist in the cell in a balance with biochemical antioxidants. Excess reactive …