The blood–brain barrier (BBB) protects the central nervous system (CNS) from unregulated
exposure to the blood and its contents. The BBB also controls the blood-to-brain and brain …

The glymphatic system is a glial-dependent waste clearance pathway in the brain, in place
of lymphatic vessels, dedicated to drain away soluble waste proteins and metabolic …

Townsend et al Vascular Research on Arterial Stiffness 699 pressure, blood flow, and
arterial diameter change with each heartbeat. In addition to the passive mechanical …

The arterial pulse wave (PW) is a rich source of information on cardiovascular (CV) health. It
is widely measured by both consumer and clinical devices. However, the physical …

Prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains one of the largest public health
challenges of our time. Identifying individuals at increased cardiovascular risk at an …

Aims Carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), a direct measure of aortic stiffness, has
become increasingly important for total cardiovascular (CV) risk estimation. Its application as …

Large artery stiffness assessment has been an integral part of the SphygmoCor technology
since 1998. Aortic stiffness is approximated with non-invasive measurement of carotid …

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a simple and low-cost optical technique that can be used to
detect blood volume changes in the microvascular bed of tissue. It is often used non …

Propagation of the pressure wave along the arterial tree (pulse wave velocity [PWV]) is
related to the intrinsic elasticity of the arterial wall. PWV is increased in stiffer arteries and …

Background—Damage to large arteries is a major factor in the high cardiovascular morbidity
and mortality of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Increased arterial stiffness …