Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multi-functional growth factors belonging to the
Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β) superfamily. These proteins are essential to many …

Since the identification in 1988 of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) as a potent inducer
of bone and cartilage formation, BMP superfamily signalling has become one of the most …

Raman spectroscopy is increasingly commonly used to understand how changes in bone
composition and structure influence tissue-level bone mechanical properties. The …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) constitute the largest subdivision of the transforming
growth factor-β family of ligands. BMPs exhibit widespread utility and pleiotropic, context …

Mice are widely used in studies of skeletal biology, and assessment of their bones by
mechanical testing is a critical step when evaluating the functional effects of an experimental …

Microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) display a high degree of phenotypic and functional
heterogeneity among different organs. Organ-specific ECs control their tissue …

Blood vessels expand via sprouting angiogenesis, and this process involves numerous
endothelial cell behaviors, such as collective migration, proliferation, cell–cell junction …

Transcription factors (TFs) regulate the expression of target genes, inducing changes in cell
morphology or activities needed for cell fate determination and differentiation. The BMP …

Mechanical loading is an anabolic stimulus that increases bone mass, and thus a promising
method to counteract osteoporosis-related bone loss. The mechanism of this anabolism …

The osteogenic effects of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) were delineated in 1965
when Urist et al. showed that BMPs could induce ectopic bone formation. In subsequent …