Researchers are intensively seeking to meet the ever-increasing energy demand worldwide.
In this context, it is known that many studies have been carried out. The utilization of …

In Iraq, the number of passenger cars, trucks and buses, local generators, and heavy
construction equipment rose to a considerable extent since 2003, causing high …

Particulate matter (PM) is a major indicator of urban air quality deterioration due to its impact
on human health, atmospheric visibility and climate change. However, sufficient data on …

The solar radiation intensity is the primary parameter that affects the PV panel outcomes.
However, the solar radiation has a group of wavelengths, and each one of them can …

To study the possibility of operating a traditional diesel engine as a partially premixed
compression ignition engine, E85 created from 85% bioethanol and 15% unleaded Iraqi …

The Iraq air is polluted highly by pollutants emitted from automobiles and trucks as well as
power stations. This pollution resource is well known it is the burning of oil and natural gas …

One of the methods of reducing the nitrogen oxides and smoke emissions from the exhaust
gas of diesel engines is to use fuels containing an increased fraction of oxygen compounds …

Natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas are the most important alternative fuels for gasoline
in spark ignition engines, for many reasons, such as large world reserve of these gasses …

One of the alternative fuels considered for powering piston internal combustion engines is
ethanol. In some countries, ethanol has been successfully used for many years as a self …

The oxygenated hydro diesel (OHD) is prepared from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), acetone,
and seaweed polysaccharide. A long-term study was carried out on the OHD fuel blend …