Internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems place children at an increased risk for
low academic achievement and socioemotional maladjustment. Children's language skills …

This study used a card-matching game that relies on visual-spatial working memory to
investigate whether the amount one talks out loud to themselves (referred to as private …

The current study investigated the relationship between private speech usage and cognitive
performance in young adults. Participants (n= 103, mean age= 20.21 years) were instructed …

Private speech is a tool through which children self-regulate. The regulatory content of
children's overt private speech is associated with response to task difficulty and task …

Across the early childhood period of development, young children exhibit considerable
growth in their executive functioning (EF) and vocabulary abilities. Understanding the …

Young children's self-directed speech during activities has long fascinated developmental
psychologists. Why do children talk to themselves and does it support development? On …

The Ontario kindergarten promotes play as a context for children's self-regulation
development. The relationship between children's play and self-regulation has been …

This book explores adolescents'(10-18 years) experiences of silence, solitude, loneliness
within the school setting. Although many studies explore social withdrawal and loneliness in …

Humans engage in self-talk, a phenomenon potentially unique to our species. Research
indicates that inaudible self-talk (“inner speech”) and audible self-talk (“private speech”) …

From journaling to the overt yet private speech of young children, a wide range of behaviors
conducted in isolation share many features in common with traditional, interpersonal …