Automation is spread in all daily life and business activities to facilitate human life and
working conditions. Robots, automated cars, unmanned vehicles, robot arms, automated …

People with vision impairment use Braille language for reading, writing, and communication.
The basic structure of the Braille language consists of six dots arranged in three rows and …

Optical Braille recognition methods generally rely heavily on a Braille text's geometric
structure. They run into problems if this structure is distorted. Thus, they find it difficult to cope …

Abstract Optical Braille Recognition methods usually use many designed steps, such as
image de-skewing, Braille dots detection, Braille cell grids construction and Braille character …

Braille character detection helps communication between normal and visually impaired
people. The existing Braille detection methods are all aimed at scanning Braille document …

With the ever-increasing demand for improving communication and independence for
visually impaired people, automatic Braille recognition has gained increasing attention in …

This paper proposes a novel two-stage learning framework TS-OBR for double-sided Braille
images recognition. In the first stage, a Haar cascaded classifier with the sliding window …

This paper proposes an optical Braille recognition method that uses an object detection
convolutional neural network to detect whole Braille characters at once. The proposed …

Visually impaired people are a large group who can only use braille for reading and writing.
However, the lack of special educational resources is the bottleneck for educating them …

Optical braille recognition methods typically employ existing target detection models or
segmentation models for the direct detection and recognition of braille characters in original …