Peptides are fragments of proteins that carry out biological functions. They act as signaling
entities via all domains of life and interfere with protein-protein interactions, which are …

Protecting group chemistry for the cysteine thiol group has enabled a vast array of peptide
and protein chemistry over the last several decades. Increasingly sophisticated strategies for …

Insulin replacement therapy for diabetes mellitus seeks to minimise excursions in blood
glucose concentration above or below the therapeutic range (hyper-or hypoglycaemia). To …

The pancreatic peptide hormone insulin, first discovered exactly 100 years ago, is essential
for glycemic control and is used as a therapeutic for the treatment of type 1 and, increasingly …

Protecting group chemistry plays a pivotal role during peptide synthesis. For the synthesis of
cysteinyl peptides, this is more significant as cysteine (Cys) is involved in the formation of …

The disulfide bond plays an important role in biological systems. It defines global
conformation, and ultimately the biological activity and stability of the peptide or protein. It is …

μ-Conotoxins are components of cone snail venom, well-known for their analgesic activity
through potent inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channel (Na V) subtypes, including Na V …

One of the applied synthetic strategies for correct disulfide bond formation relies on the use
of orthogonal Cys protecting groups. This approach requires purification before and after the …

The discovery of insulin came with very high hopes for diabetic patients. In 2021, the world
celebrated the 100th anniversary of the discovery of this vital hormone. However, external …

Although insulin was first purified and used therapeutically almost a century ago, there is still
a need to improve therapeutic efficacy and patient convenience. A key challenge is the …