Anthocyanins are a class of water-soluble flavonoids widely present in fruits and vegetables.
Dietary sources of anthocyanins include red and purple berries, grapes, apples, plums …

Polyphenols are categorized as plant secondary metabolites, and they have attracted much
attention in relation to human health and the prevention of chronic diseases. In recent years …

Atherosclerosis develops due to lipid accumulation in the arterial wall and sclerosis as result
of increased hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, lipid oxidation, and protein oxidation …

As of late, polyphenols have increasingly interested the scientific community due to their
proposed health benefits. Much of this attention has focused on their bioavailability …

The human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by a vast number of microorganisms that are
called as the microbiota. Each individual harbors a unique gut microbial composition, this …

Anthocyanins are a subclass of flavonoids responsible for color in some fruits and
vegetables with potent antioxidative capacity. During digestion, a larger proportion of dietary …

Curcumin is a polyphenol found in turmeric (Curcuma longa), used as a spice, in food
coloring, and as a traditional herbal medicine. It has been shown that curcumin has health …

Anthocyanins are naturally occurring molecules belonging to the flavonoid class
characterized by the presence of chromophores. Apart from their well‐known antioxidant …

Owing to their specific pyrylium nucleus (C-ring), anthocyanins express a much richer
chemical reactivity than the other flavonoid classes. For instance, anthocyanins are weak …

Choline is a water-soluble nutrient essential for human life. Gut microbial metabolism of
choline results in the production of trimethylamine (TMA), which upon absorption by the host …