Planets form and obtain their compositions in disks of gas and dust around young stars. The
chemical compositions of these planet-forming disks regulate all aspects of planetary …

Since we intend to review experimental and theoretical studies of physicochemical
processes occurring on cosmic dust grains in very cold regions in space, we start with a brief …

Context. Water is a key molecule in the physics and chemistry of star and planet formation,
but it is difficult to observe from Earth. The Herschel Space Observatory provided …

Molecular absorption and emission bands dominate the visible, infrared, and submillimeter
spectra of most objects with associated gas. These observations reveal a surprisingly rich …

The composition of the neutral gas comas of most comets is dominated by H2O, CO and
CO2, typically comprising as much as 95 per cent of the total gas density. In addition …

The introduction of chemistry into astronomy is relatively recent and can be dated back to
about half a century ago, when molecules were discovered in space. In the 1930s it was …

Our main knowledge about astrophysical environments relies on radiative spectra.
Absorption studies require background sources that are located hapharzadly in …

Context. Near-to mid-infrared observations of molecular emission from protoplanetary disks
show that the inner regions are rich in small organic volatiles (eg, C 2 H 2 and HCN). Trends …

A brief introduction and overview of the astrochemistry of dust, ice and gas and their
interplay is presented. The importance of basic chemical physics studies of critical reactions …

Primitive objects like comets hold important information on the material that formed our solar
system. Several comets have been visited by spacecraft and many more have been …