Bacteria can rapidly and reversibly respond to changing environments via complex
transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Many of these adaptations …

Oxidative stress, through the production of reactive oxygen species, is a natural
consequence of aerobic metabolism. Escherichia coli has several major regulators activated …

Networks are vital tools for understanding and modeling interactions in complex systems in
science and engineering, and direct and indirect interactions are pervasive in all types of …

Environmental fluctuations lead to a rapid adjustment of the physiology of Escherichia coli,
necessitating changes on every level of the underlying cellular and molecular network. Thus …

For many bacteria, successful growth and survival depends on efficient adaptation to rapidly
changing conditions. In Escherichia coli, the RpoS alternative sigma factor plays a central …

Bacteria spend their lives buffeted by changing environmental conditions. To adapt to and
survive these stresses, bacteria have global response systems that result in sweeping …

The traditional view of the stationary phase of the bacterial life cycle, obtained using
standard laboratory culture practices, although useful, might not always provide us with the …

Biofilms constitute the predominant microbial style of life in natural and engineered
ecosystems. Facing harsh environmental conditions, microorganisms accumulate reactive …

Biofilms are considered to be highly resistant to antimicrobial agents. Several mechanisms
have been proposed to explain this high resistance of biofilms, including restricted …

An overview was made to understand the regulation system of a bacterial cell such as
Escherichia coli in response to nutrient limitation such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphate …