In recent decades, academia has elaborated a wide range of technological solutions to
recover water, energy, fertiliser and other products from municipal wastewater treatment …

As a highly efficient mode of freight transport for global trade, international shipping is
currently expected to improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions. Various …

Fossil fuels production peaks, declines and depletions depend on their proved reserves,
exploration and consumption rates. Worldwide proven oil, gas and coal reserves are 1688 …

Background Lignin, nature's dominant aromatic polymer, is found in most terrestrial plants in
the approximate range of 15 to 40% dry weight and provides structural integrity …

Over the past several years, the analysis of the determinants of renewable energy
production has become an increasingly popular topic in academic research and …

The existence of sunlight, air and other resources on earth must be used in an appropriate
way for human welfare while still protecting the environment and its living creatures. The …

This unique handbook presents both the theory and application of biomass combustion and
co-firing, from basic principles to industrial combustion and environmental impact, in a clear …

The use of biomass as a source of energy has been further enhanced in recent years and
special attention has been paid to biomass gasification. Due to the increasing interest in …

Lignocellulosic biomass has long been recognized as a potential sustainable source of
mixed sugars for fermentation to biofuels and other biomaterials. Several technologies have …

Establishing an advanced European bioeconomy is an important step in achieving the
transition towards sustainable development and away from fossil fuels. The bioeconomy can …