Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are among the known pathogen-associated molecular patterns
(PAMPs). LPSs are potent elicitors of PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI), and bacteria have …

As members of the pathogenesis-related protein (PR)-2 family, β-1, 3-glucanases play
pivotal roles in plant defense. Previous study showed that the rice genome contains 16 …

The apoplast, ie the cellular compartment external to the plasma membrane, undergoes
important changes during senescence. Apoplastic fluid volume increases quite significantly …

Softening is important for quality formation in some climacteric fruits. The molecular
mechanism underlying fruit softening is, however, not well understood. In this study, we …

Pierce's disease is a major threat to grapevines caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa.
Although devoid of a type 3 secretion system commonly employed by bacterial pathogens to …

Powdery mildew (PM) is a catastrophic disease of melon caused by Podosphaera xanthii
(Px). However, there is limited information available at the molecular level regarding how the …

Abstract β‐1, 3‐glucanases are members of the pathogenesis‐related protein (PR)-2 family,
and they play important roles in defense response in plants. A β‐1, 3‐glucanase gene was …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a global pandemic
threat with more than 11.8 million confirmed cases and more than 0.5 million deaths as of 3 …

Verticillium dahliae seriously affects the yield of cotton. Here, V. dahliae infection induced
the significant reduction of protein concentration in cotton xylem sap (CXS), suggesting that …

The plant vasculature is a central organ for long-distance transport of nutrients and signaling
molecules that coordinate vegetative and reproductive processes, and adaptation response …