Interest in excitotoxicity expanded following its implication in the pathogenesis of ischemic
brain injury in the 1980s, but waned subsequent to the failure of N-methyl-D-aspartate …

The large Trp gene family encodes transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins that form
novel cation-selective ion channels. In mammals, 28 Trp channel genes have been …

Excitotoxicity induced by NMDA receptor (NMDAR) activation is a major cause of neuronal
death in ischemic stroke. However, past efforts of directly targeting NMDARs have …

Oxidative stress resulting from the accumulation of high levels of reactive oxygen species is
a salient feature of, and a well-recognised pathological factor for, diverse pathologies. One …

Down syndrome (DS), trisomy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21), is challenging to model in
mice. Not only is it a contiguous gene syndrome spanning 35 Mb of the long arm of Hsa21 …

Decades of research have revealed numerous differences in brain structure size,
connectivity and metabolism between males and females. Sex differences in …

Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a calcium (Ca 2+)-permeable non-
selective cation channel belonging to the TRP ion channel family. Oxidative stress-induced …

Precise monitoring of internal temperature is vital for thermal homeostasis in mammals. For
decades, warm-sensitive neurons (WSNs) within the preoptic area (POA) were thought to …

In Alzheimer's disease, accumulation of soluble oligomers of β-amyloid peptide is known to
be highly toxic, causing disturbances in synaptic activity and neuronal death. Multiple …

The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is a catalytic machinery that targets numerous
cellular proteins for degradation, thus being essential to control a wide range of basic …